[2] He served in that role for more than five years, making six tours, and traveling more than 4,000 miles (6,400 km) annually on the Indian frontier of Texas. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner with another 4,000 men blocking the railroad route to Tennessee at Bowling Green, Kentucky. [53][54] On February 6, 1862, Union Navy gunboats quickly reduced the defenses of ill-sited Fort Henry, inflicting 21 casualties on the small remaining Confederate force. Beauregard, who decided to call off the day’s attack. [42], Maj. Gen. Polk ignored the problems of the forts when he took command. The eastern end was jarred loose in January 1862 by a Union attack at Mill Springs; in February the western end cracked when Forts Henry and Donelson surrendered. Alerted by a Union reconnaissance on January 14, 1862, Johnston ordered Tilghman to fortify the high ground opposite Fort Henry, which Polk had failed to do despite Johnston’s orders.Woodworth, p. 71. Among his staff was Isham G. Harris, the Governor of Tennessee, who had ceased to make any real effort to function as governor after learning that Abraham Lincoln had appointed Andrew Johnson as military governor of Tennessee. [4] The senior Johnston resigned his commission in 1834 in order to care for his dying wife in Kentucky, who succumbed two years later to tuberculosis.[1]. He received a brevet promotion to brigadier general in 1857 for his service in Utah. 169–170. Johnston Middle School in Houston, Texas was also renamed to Meyerland Middle School. 33, December 20, 1862", "See ya, Stonewall: Dallas ISD begins to remove Confederate leaders' names from 4 schools", Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography, University of Texas at Arlington Libraries Special Collections, Secretaries of War, Navy and War and Marine of the Republic of Texas, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. He was permitted to call on governors of Arkansas, Tennessee and Mississippi for new troops, although this authority was largely stifled by politics, especially with respect to Mississippi. Some historians argue that the Confederacy would have been more successful in the West with Johnston in command. 2, May 16, 1863", "Los Angeles Star, vol. But his Civil War career was a definite disappointment to the Confederacy. In 1916, the University of Texas at Austin recognized several confederate veterans (including Johnston) with statues on its South Mall. Unfortunately, the effects of his wound probably contributed to his death at the Battle of Shiloh in 1862. His son, William Preston Johnston (1831-1899), who served on the staff of General Johnston and subsequently on that of President Davis, was a distinguished professor and president of Tulane University. A sixth child was born later when the family lived in Los Angeles, where they had permanently settled. [59][60], Johnston also reinforced Fort Donelson with 12,000 more men, including those under Floyd and Pillow, a curious decision in view of his thought that the Union gunboats alone might be able to take the fort.
Johnston was initially buried in New Orleans. Considered by Confederate States President Jefferson Davis to be the finest general officer in the Confederacy before the later emergence of Robert E. Lee, he was killed early in the Civil War at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6, 1862. 167–168.Eicher, The Longest Night, p. 171 says the garrison at Fort Donelson numbered 1,956 men before the Fort Henry garrison and the men under Floyd and Pillow joined them in early February 1862. After Texas became part of the United States, Johnston returned to the U.S. Army and in 1855 was appointed commanding officer of the 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiment. His escort was commanded by Alonzo Ridley, Undersheriff of Los Angeles, who remained at Johnston’s side until he was killed. Johnston wanted this attack under way before Grant could link with another Union army under Gen. Don Carlos Buell. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. United Daughters of the Confederate States of America, List of American Civil War generals (Confederate), List of Confederate monuments and memorials, http://www.texasescapes.com/ClayCoppedge/Dueling.htm, “Californians in the Confederate Service,”, 'The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.
Johnston had less than 40,000 men spread throughout Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas and Missouri.Woodworth, p. 53. [74][75][76], Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off.
Gen. George H. Thomas moved against the Confederates, Crittenden decided to attack one of the two parts of Thomas's command at Logan's Cross Roads near Mill Springs before the Union forces could unite. He was reappointed to the U.S. Army in 1849 and led … He took command at Fort Donelson as the senior general present just before Union Brig. 39, 50.
[32] When Union Brig. Although Albert Johnston was born in Kentucky, he lived much of his life in Texas, which he considered his home. Infantry.[3]. On January 31, 1837, he became senior brigadier general in command of the Texas Army.
https://ehistory.osu.edu/biographies/albert-sidney-johnston Albert S. Johnston, Jr. was later killed in an accidental explosion on a steamer ship while on liberty, in 1863. Only Adjutant General and Inspector General Samuel Cooper ranked ahead of him. On September 10, 1861, Johnston was assigned to command the huge area of the Confederacy west of the Allegheny Mountains, except for coastal areas.Woodworth, p. 51.Long, p. 116. A Confederate battery and the beginning of some fortifications were sited across the river at. Johnston grew up in the small but thriving frontier town of Washington, Kentucky. Early in the Civil War, Confederate President Jefferson Davis decided that the Confederacy would attempt to hold as much of its territory as possible and he distributed its military forces around its borders and coasts.Woodworth, pp.
In 1861 he resigned to follow his state (Kentucky) but loyalty to the U.S. lingered: he did not leave his post until there was someone to look after American interests. Albert Sidney Johnston (1803-1862) At the beginning of the Civil War it was almost universally agreed that the finest soldier, North or South, was Albert Sidney Johnston. Source: "Who Was Who In The Civil War" by Stewart Sifakis. ', "CMH Remembers the Battle of Shiloh | CMH", "Los Angeles Star, vol. Dixon recommended that the forts be maintained and strengthened, even though they were not in ideal locations, because much work had been done on them and the Confederates might not have time to build new ones. After the Mexican War the Regular Army took him back as a major, and soon (as soon as the leisurely promotion of the peacetime Army allowed) he was Colonel of the 2nd Cavalry.
If you have trouble accessing this page and need to request an alternate format contact [email protected]. [36], After the Confederate defeat at the Mill Springs, Davis sent Johnston a brigade and a few other scattered reinforcements. After Albert Sidney Johnston was killed during the Battle of Shiloh in 1862, he was buried in New Orleans.
[42] Both forts were located in Tennessee in order to respect Kentucky neutrality, but these were not in ideal locations. [97], Harris and the other officers wrapped General Johnston's body in a blanket so as not to damage the troops' morale with the sight of the dead general. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Gen. Felix Zollicoffer with 4,000 men to occupy Cumberland Gap in Kentucky in order to block Union troops from coming into eastern Tennessee. Johnston, Albert Sidney (1803–1862) Jeanette H. Flachmeier Biography Entry Albert Sidney Johnston, Confederate general, son of John and Abigail (Harris) Johnston, was born at … Both had been sited in Tennessee, however, in order to respect Kentucky neutrality and were not in ideal locations.Long, p. 142Weigley, p. 108McPherson, p. 393. In 1861 he joined the Confederate army as a general and was killed the following year at the Battle of Shiloh. Upon his passing General Johnston received the highest praise ever given by the Confederate government: accounts were published, on December 20, 1862, and thereafter, in the Los Angeles Star of his family's hometown. The University of Texas at Austin has also recognized Johnston with a statue on the South Mall. This included about 200 men not in Forrest's immediate command. Although his reputation was waning in the Confederacy, his death was considered by many Southerners a significant loss to their war effort. A few minutes later, before a doctor could be found, Johnston died from blood loss. On February 6, 1862, Union Navy gunboats quickly reduced the defenses of ill-sited Fort Henry, inflicting 21 casualties on the small remaining Confederate force.Woodworth, pp. [95] As the Confederate forces overran the Union camps, Johnston seemed to be everywhere, personally leading and rallying troops up and down the line on his horse.
Learn about current events in historical perspective on our Origins site. It was covered in the Confederate flag and lay in state for several hours. He'd had a gaudy career in the army after West Point (1826). The re-interment occurred in 1867. After Johnston asserted his authority, Polk ultimately had to allow Dixon to proceed. 18–19.
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