Juveniles usually have more or less distinct patterns, but these fade as the animals mature. A pit viper, this snake has heat-sensitive pits on each side of its head, between the nostril and eye. The most serious threat to this snake species is habitat destruction. Population number. Montana Wildlife 3(2): 27-28. To court the female, the male actively tongue flicks the dorsal surface of the female's body. cross-reference A 5½-month starvation study showed the snakes reduced energy expenditures by an average of 80% over the length of the study. The head has a series of nine large scales or plates on the top and there is a dark broad lateral stripe along each side. It is likely responsible for the majority of snakebite fatalities in northern Mexico and the greatest number of snakebites in the U.S.[5] No subspecies are currently recognized.[3]. Currently, this species is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List and its numbers today are stable. In Canada, they are found in southern British Columbia. Like other rattlesnakes, you can usually identify them by the triangular head and the rattle at the end of their tail. Geographic variation, convergent crypsis and mimicry in gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) and western rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis). Massasauga means "great river mouth," which describes the snake’s habitat. As the courtship ensues, the male's head begins to move to and fro in a jerky yet rhythmic motion. The average rattlesnake can live 15 to 20 years. The males intertwine the anterior portions of their bodies while spiraling upward. The victor is determined by the male who forces his opponent to the ground. Disjunct populations exist in southern Veracruz and southeastern Oaxaca. The timber rattlesnake (C. horridus), has no tail rings. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. However, the rattles are not always present—they can break off, or a young snake may not have developed their rattles yet. Western Diamondback Rattlesnake Facts. Disjunct populations exist in southern Veracruz and southeastern Oaxaca. The most interesting finding was the snakes grew during the study, indicating while the snake's mass was shrinking, it was putting its resources into skeletal muscles and bone. The population trend was stable when assessed in 2007.[25]. [20] General local effects include pain, heavy internal bleeding, severe swelling, severe muscle damage, bruising, blistering, and necrosis; systemic effects are variable and not specific, but may include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, and convulsions. [5], Hermann (1950) reported C. atrox also feeds on lubber grasshoppers (Brachystola magna). Richards, I. S., & Bourgeois, M. M. (2014). [15], A key participant in the food chain, it is an important predator of many small rodents, rabbits, and birds. Rattlesnakes are exothermic (dependent on external heat sources), so they are more active when the air temperature is warm. However, locally they do suffer from habitat loss due to residential and commercial development. In Canada, it found in southern interior of British Columbia and is one of only three remaining rattlesnake species in the country.
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