Halfdan was one of the leaders of the Great Heathen Army which invaded the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of East Anglia in 865. On the death of Olaf the White, king of Dublin, in 871, Halfdan's brother Ivar the Boneless left for Ireland where he made himself King of Dublin. The St Brice’s Day Massacre earned King Aethelred the nickname Aethelred the Unready (or ill advised), and took place on 13th November 1002.
The Vikings retreated to London and remained there throughout the winter of 871/872. Immortalised in the Icelandic sagas of the thirteenth century, the semi-legendary Norse leader has since become familiar with modern audiences through the hit television show ‘Vikings’ – but there remain many doubts over his true existence. [28] Those of Halfdan's men who survived the battle returned to Northumbria via Scotland, fighting a battle along the way in which Constantine I, King of the Picts was killed. [23], Following this victory the Army split in two – one half under Guthrum heading south to continue fighting against Wessex, the other half under Halfdan heading north to fight against the Picts and Britons of Strathclyde. 5621230. He was, however, opposed by such a large foe that he could not win.
The Saxon victory however, was to prove short lived and brought no permanent advantage and the conflict continued, but two weeks later the Viking invaders descended again, skirmishing continued and an inconclusive battle was fought at Basing. This may well have been a case of Christian proselytism, as the Saxo Grammaticus contends Ragnar was not slain, but in fact went on to terrorise the shores of Ireland in 851, and began a settlement not far from Dublin. The evidence to suggest Ragnar ever lived is scarce, but, crucially, it does exist. The invasion was led by the sons of Ragnar Lodbrok, to seek revenge against King Ãlla of Northumbria who, in 865, had killed their father by having him thrown alive into a pit of vipers. After the discovery of the the body of a Viking warrior in the churchyard at Repton, archaeologists unearthed the remains of at least 250 Viking casualties of the battle, many of which displayed evidence of gruesome injuries. King Ella’s messengers stand before Ragnar Lodbrok’s sons. The Annals of Ulster describe the death of Ívar in 873. Halfdan is seen raiding a small Frankish farm in " Death All 'Round " with Harald and several other warriors. The Viking sagas relate that his sons Ivar the Boneless and Ubbe swore to avenge him. Viking religious beliefs encouraged cruelty towards the followers of the 'White Christ' who they saw as cowards. [31] Katherine Holman, on the other hand, concludes that "although his sons are historical figures, there is no evidence that Ragnar himself ever lived, and he seems to be an amalgam of several different historical figures and pure literary invention. King of Ireland Hvitserk Ragnarsson, 805 - 877 Hvitserk Ragnarsson 805 877. Halfdan is sometimes referred to as King of JórvÃk from 876. 450-1100)-language text, Articles containing Old Irish (to 900)-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 September 2020, at 10:41. The Vikings then withdrew to York where they remained for over a year before returning to East Anglia in 869. In 865, the Great Heathen Army landed in Anglia, where they killed Edmund the Martyr in Thetford, before moving northwards and besieging the city of York, where King Aella met his death. However, he is generally considered to be identical to Ímar, a Norse King of Dublin who died in 873. Because Halfdan is not mentioned in any source that mentions Hvitserk, some scholars have suggested that they are the same individual – a possibility reinforced by the fact that Halfdan was a relatively common name among Vikings and Hvitserk "white shirt" may have been an epithet or nickname that distinguished Halfdan from other men by the same name.[2]. They captured the town of Thetford, in East Anglia, intending to spend the winter there, however the East Anglians raised an army and advanced against them. The Viking Army then divided in two, with one half under Guthrum marching south to continue the struggle with Wessex, while the other half commanded by Halfdan advanced north against the Picts and Britons of Strathclyde. [29] The Vikings of Northumbria remained kingless until 883, when Guthfrith was made king there. [9], The Danes returned to East Anglia in 869, this time intent on conquest. It conquered Mercia in 874, the Mercian King Burghred being deposed and replaced by a Danish-puppet regent, Ceolwulf. The Anglo- Saxons could not maintain an army in the field for an indefinite time, and the stand off resulted in King Burgred buying off the Danes who agreed to leave, in the autumn of 868. [20] However, this explanation for the army's move north has been challenged, and it has been suggested the relocation was a result of a war with Mercia. There is a popular belief that the Viking became the King of Dublin upon his arrival in Ireland. After having avenged his father together with his brothers, he went to Gardarike ( Garðaríki ).
In " The Last Ship ", Halfdan battles the Franks alongside Harald and the rest of their warriors. Ãthelred and his younger brother Alfred besieged Nottingham in an attempt to retake it. The Norse saga's relate he was executed according to the gruesome Viking blood eagle rite, which consisted of opening the ribcage from behind, extracting the lungs, forming a wing-like shape.
The kingdom of Mercia was conquered in 874 and King Burghred was replaced by a puppet king, Ceolwulf. [14] Medieval tradition identifies Edmund as a martyr who refused the Danes' demand to renounce Christ, and was killed for his steadfast Christianity.
Halfdan Ragnarsson was the son of the legendary Viking leader, Ragnar Lodbrok and Aslaug Sigurdsdottir and the brother of 'Ivarr inn beinlausi' or Ivar the Boneless.
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