Characteristics: As with all true vipers that live in the desert, it finds refuge by burrowing in the heat of the day, coming out at night to feed. It is active from dusk until dawn. USA Today The horned adder (Bitis caudalis) is a venomous viper species found in the arid region of southwest Africa, easily distinguished by the presence of a single, large horn-like scale over each eye. [2], C Y Lee et. One Week in the Wilderness Horned viper is a carnivore (meat-eater). A short, stout little viper, it usually averages 30–40 cm (12-24 inches) in total length (body + tail). This 15 inch survival knife with drop point blade features a thick quality stainless steel blade with serrated top edge. Discovery Channel Canada Horned viper is nocturnal creature. According to Lee et al. The species is commonly known as the horned adder, horned puff adder, or horned viper. Other common names of this species include desert sidewinding horned viper, Sahara horned viper, desert horned viper, North African horned viper, African desert horned viper, greater cerastes, asp and horned viper. Complete survival kit. "Site of action of caudoxin, a neurotoxic phospholipase A2 from the horned puff adder (Bitis caudalis) venom". It is difficult to detect when buried; therefore, many bites result from the snake being accidentally stepped on. The venoms of Central and South Africa. [6], The National Antivenom and Vaccine Production Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, produces a polyvalent antivenin that includes a paraspecific antibody that protects against bites from this species. al 1982. [7], A short, stout little viper, it usually averages 30–40 cm (12-24 inches) in total length (body + tail). Its diet consists of rodents, birds and lizards. The Decomposers in this area are the bacterias, mushrooms and worns, they are the responsible to kind of recylcing the food chain of the Sahara Desert. Viljoen CC, Botes DP, Kruger H. 1982. Habitat: Only found in very arid places within its range. No subspecies are currently recognized. View larger or ask the author a question. [8] On the other hand, an older report by the U.S. Navy (1965, 1991) suggested it is highly toxic and a number of deaths have occurred as a result. Description. Characteristics: As with all true vipers that live in the desert, it finds refuge by burrowing in the heat of the day, coming out at night to feed. Our site has been mentioned in: U.S. News and World ReportBest of the Web - Site of the Week 8/6/01 [2], Horned adders are mostly found in sparsely vegetated desert and semiarid scrub country. Spawls and Branch (1995) reported an average yield of 85 mg of wet venom,[4] while Christensen (1971) offered an LD50 value of 1.2 mg/kg IV. [3], The species is commonly known as the horned adder,[4][5] horned puff adder,[6] or horned viper. Its type locality is given as "... the sandy districts north of the Cape Colony..." [South Africa]. The food chain of Sahara start with the sun that his energy is what makes photosintese, letting in this arera exist plants like Palm trees, African Peyote and other plants that make part of the producers group. Christensen PA. 1971. In South Africa, it is found from the northern Cape Province south to the Great Karoo. Textured and ribbed solid metal handle and guard. Horned viper hunts actively and as an ambush predator (using the element of surprise). Horned desert viper Cerastes cerastes Description: Pale buff color with obscure markings and a sharp spine (scale) over each eye. The snake is found in far arid regions of southwest Africa: southwest Angola, Namibia, across the Kalahari Desert of southern Botswana, into northern Transvaal and southwestern Zimbabwe. (2003) reported currently available antivenins are of limited effectiveness. It is difficult to detect when buried; therefore, many bites result from the snake being accidentally stepped on. Toxicon, 20(3), 637-647, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horned_adder&oldid=972308786, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. (1983), this is a presynaptic toxin similar to bungarotoxin, but with different binding sites. Isolation and characterization of the amino acid sequence of caudoxin, a presynaptic acting toxic phospholipase A2 from the venom of the horned puff adder (, This page was last edited on 11 August 2020, at 10:50. The primary consumers are the animals that just herbivorous like the jerboa and scorpions. They help to control populations of rodents that often disturb livestock and food sources of local people. Length: Average 45 centimeters, maximum 75 centimeters. Nylon sheath. Little information is available regarding the toxicity and amount of venom produced. This type of movement is known as "sidewinding". Hot Sites 08/08/2005. It moves by sliding sideways. The food chain of Sahara start with the sun that his energy is what makes photosintese, letting in this arera exist plants like Palm trees, African Peyote and other plants that make part of the producers group. (1982) isolated a protein, a neurotoxic phospholipase A2, from the venom, which they called "caudoxin". [6], A number of authors, including Mertens (1955), use a trinomial to refer to this species, even though no subspecies are recognized. The secondary consumers are the carnivores animals like Monitor Lizard and Horned Viper among others. Other research has found the LD50 to be between 0.15-0.22 mg/kg [9], Based on this LD50 value, Spawls and Branch (1995) estimated about 300 mg of this venom would be required to kill an adult. Fun Facts for Kids. Blisters and necrotic ulcers may form around the bite site. The largest specimen reported being seen is a female from southern Botswana measuring 51.5 … [6] http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-food-web-of-the-sahara-desert.html. Distribution: Arabian Peninsula, Africa, Iran, and Iraq. [4], Bites are assumed to be rare and no epidemiological data are available. Its venom is hemotoxic, causing severe damage to blood cells and tissue. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Description: Pale buff color with obscure markings and a sharp spine (scale) over each eye. Horned viper swallows its prey in one piece. The largest specimen reported being seen is a female from southern Botswana measuring 51.5 cm (20.3 in) total length.[4]. [6], Viljoen et al. The Predators are the Lappet- Faced Vulture and Fennec fox, sounds weird because the fox seems to be a inofensive animals but she is really fast and jump really high because of her weight. They regarded this venom as one of the weakest of the genus,[4] although the tests are conducted solely on mice, which might have a different reaction from humans to the venom. As Seen In: USA Today, Discovery Channel, US News & World Report. [7][10] According to Broadley and Cock (1975), envenomation symptoms in humans include swelling, severe pain, nausea, vomiting and shock. The primary consumers are the animals that just herbivorous like the jerboa and scorpions. [11] According to the U.S. Navy (1965, 1991),[7][10] polyvalent antivenins produced by SAMIR and the Pasteur Institute are said to be effective, while Mallow et al. Survival kit includes a hollow grip with a compass top to store items within the knife itself, as well as additional pouches on the sheath to hold the rest.
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