It looks like a protracted decline in speciation that persists for about ten million years, with an opening extinction pulse (the Kellwasser event) followed by a closing pulse (the Hangenberg event) for the era about 358.9 million years ago. Supernovas are known to be capable of sterilizing a planet if they go off within about 25 light-years. The Late Devonian, however, is weird even by the standards of other extinctions.
This does not automatically mean that there was less life on Earth. A supernova pointed at us from that distance could bathe the planet in ozone-destroying cosmic rays for 100,000 years. Volcanism can produce gasses that damage the ozone layer, but there’s no sign of the global volcanic activity that would have been required to do this kind of damage, either. Best of all, the presence or absence of the relevant isotopes should be a clear sign of whether the theorized events actually happened.
This stresses a number of ecosystems but does not cause a mass extinction in and of itself. This analysis, published in PNAS, focuses on the Hangenberg event at the end of the Late Devonian. One of the significant findings regarding the Hangenberg event is that it began with an early phase of black shale and anoxia, followed by a simultaneous extinction in terrestrial fish (fish that spend part of their life cycle on land, also called amphibious fish) and land plants.
Nothing like the damage in Greenland has been observed on Earth as a result of recent ozone depletion. The late Devonian extinction is one of the five major extinction events to have occurred on Earth. The current leading theory for the Devonian extinction is that when this action began to occur, for the first time, it washed nutrients into streams and rivers that promote the growth of algae and other plants. The chances of directly locating the remains of any such event are slim.
One alternative hypothesis is that global conditions changed in ways that made fossilization less likely for some 15 million years. The supernova explosion that formed the Vela Supernova Remnant most likely occurred 10,000–20,000 years ago. Supernova Explosion Seen In Nearby Galaxy | Video - YouTube Supernova seen from Earth. There is a 15 million-year gap in the fossil record from 360M to 345M years ago known as Romer’s Gap, where few terrestrial fossils of plants or animals have been recorded. Imagine the growth of the first root systems exposes new material to weathering for the first time and results in increased nutrient levels in lakes and streams. The current leading theory for the Devonian mass extinction posits that increased weathering of rock caused a worldwide extinction event. A near-Earth supernova is an explosion resulting from the death of a star that occurs close enough to the Earth (roughly less than 10 to 300 parsecs (30 to 1000 light-years) away ) to have noticeable effects on Earth's biosphere. The others are damaged in various ways. A is the upward-increasing percent of defects and B shows increased pigmentation as malformations increase. With all the speculation about what a Betelgeuse supernova would look like from Earth, University of California, Santa Barbara, astronomer Andy Howell got tired of the back-of-the-envelope calculations. A supernova — or multiple supernovas — going off at a distance of ~65 light-years, however, would do the trick.
The length of the Devonian extinction event is part of what makes it interesting — there are relatively few events that might plausibly produce this set of outcomes, and the supernova option appears to be an unexplored idea. Feature image by NASA, in the public domain.
During the Devonian, the maximum height of plants went from 30cm to 30m (1.18 feet — 100 feet). Supernova Seen From Earth. © 1996-2020 Ziff Davis, LLC.
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PCMag Digital GroupExtremeTech is among the federally registered trademarks of Ziff Davis, LLC and may not be used by third parties without explicit permission. This image is from a different paper, but it shows the seed pods in question. Once the supernova cosmic rays hit, however, plant life on land begins to die even more quickly than it did before — possibly in an initial quick pulse followed by further slow acceleration as fewer and fewer healthy specimens remain with each passing generation.
There was a terrestrial component to the Late Devonian extinction, but land-based life was less well established. Root systems evolved commensurately to support these trunks. The brightest supernova ever seen was just discovered cnn when betelgeuse goes supernova what will it look like from earth the brightest supernova ever seen was just discovered cnn the brightest supernova ever seen was just discovered cnn was it ever possible to see a supernova … Supernovas do not always leave a visible remnant, and after nearly 360 million years, even a supernova remnant that was visible initially could have cooled below the ability of our instruments to detect it, assuming we even knew where to look.
Overall, however, 97 percent of all jawed vertebrates perished in this extinction event, between terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
The ozone hole we opened in the atmosphere by the mid-1980s, for example, is nowhere near large enough, and it only stays open as a true “hole” for part of the year.
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